New 2025 Realistic KCNA Dumps Test Engine Exam Questions in here [Q33-Q57]

Q33. You’re running a stateful application in Kubernetes with a HorizontalPodAutoscaler (HPA) configured. You want to ensure that scaling does not disrupt the application’s state. What approach would you take to address this concern?

Use a StatefulSet to manage the deployment of the application.

Configure the HPA to scale up and down only when the application is idle.

Implement a custom scaling logic that ensures state persistence during scaling events.

Use a persistent volume claim (PVC) to store the application’s state.

Disable scaling for the application to maintain state consistency.

Q34. You have a Kubernetes cluster with multiple applications deployed. Each application is instrumented to emit logs, metrics, and traces. You want to use a single dashboard to visualize the performance of all applications in a unified view. What are the possible approaches to achieve this?

Use Prometheus to aggregate metrics from all applications and create a single dashboard.

Use Grafana to create a single dashboard that queries data from Prometheus and Jaeger.

Use Loki for log aggregation and create a single dashboard in Grafana to visualize logs, metrics, and traces.

Use a custom application to collect and aggregate data from Prometheus, Jaeger, and Loki, and then visualize the data on a custom dashboard.

Configure Kubernetes to forward logs, metrics, and traces to a centralized observability platform like CloudWatch or Stackdriver.

All of the provided options can contribute to achieving a unified dashboard for visualizing the performance of multiple applications. Each option has its strengths and weaknesses: A: Use Prometheus to aggregate metrics from all applications and create a single dashboard. Prometheus is a powerful tool for collecting and aggregating metrics. You can use Prometheus’s query language to fetch data from multiple applications and create a centralized dashboard in Grafana or a custom application. B: Use Grafana to create a single dashboard that queries data from Prometheus and Jaeger. Grafana is a popular dashboarding tool that can visualize data from multiple sources. It can query metrics from Prometheus and tracing data from Jaeger to create a unified view. C: Use Loki for log aggregation and create a single dashboard in Grafana to visualize logs, metrics, and traces. Loki is a log aggregation system that can collect logs from various sources, including Kubernetes. By integrating Loki with Grafana, you can visualize logs, metrics, and traces on a single dashboard. D: Use a custom application to collect and aggregate data from Prometheus, Jaeger, and Loki, and then visualize the data on a custom dashboard. You can build a custom application to collect data from Prometheus, Jaeger, and Loki and then create a custom dashboard using a framework like React or Vue.js. This allows you to have full control over the data aggregation and visualization process. E: Configure Kubernetes to forward logs, metrics, and traces to a centralized observability platform like CloudWatch or Stackdriver. Cloud-based observability platforms like Amazon CloudWatch or Google Stackdriver provide a centralized platform for collecting, aggregating, and visualizing data from multiple applications. These platforms often have pre- built dashboards and alerting capabilities, making it easy to monitor and analyze data from different applications in a unified view. The best approach depends on your specific needs, resources, and preferred tools. You can choose a combination of these options to meet your requirements.

Q35. Your Kubernetes cluster is running in a public cloud environment. You want to expose a specific service to the internet using a public IP address. Which Kubernetes service type would you choose?

ClusterlP

NodePort

LoadBalancer

ExternalName

Headless

Q36. What is container orchestration?

Packaging code and all of its dependencies into a single executable

Adding code to a container image so it can run as a container

Using automation to manage containers

Spinning a new containers to replace old ones

Q37. In distributed system tracing, is the term used to refer to a request as it passes through a single com-ponent of the distributed system?

Log

Span

Trace

Bucket

Q38. Consider the following Kubernetes YAML file representing a deployment:

What is the primary benefit of using a GitOps approach to manage this deployment compared to traditional methods?

GitOps provides faster deployment times by eliminating the need for manual interventions.

GitOps simplifies the process of managing complex Kubernetes deployments by providing a centralized repository for configuration.

GitOps enhances security by preventing unauthorized changes to the Kubernetes cluster.

GitOps enables easy rollbacks to previous deployments by leveraging the versioning capabilities of Git.

GitOps automates the deployment process, eliminating the need for human intervention.

Q39. Which of the following features is NOT a primary benefit of using a service mesh like Istio in a Kubernetes environment?

Improved security through mutual TLS authentication between services

Simplified service discovery and load balancing across pods

Enhanced observability with metrics, tracing, and logging

Direct access to the underlying Kubernetes API for granular control

Dynamic traffic routing and fault tolerance capabilities

Q40. What is the purpose of the kube-proxy component in Kubernetes?

Provides a secure and reliable connection between the Kubernetes control plane and nodes-

Manages the Kubernetes API server and handles authentication and authorization requests.

Enables communication between Pods and services within a Kubernetes cluster.

Monitors and manages the health and status of Pods and other Kubernetes objects

Stores the configuration and state of the Kubernetes cluster

Q41. You need to deploy a database application on Kubernetes. The database requires high 1/0 performance. Which of the following storage classes would be most suitable for this application?

Standard Persistent Disk

Ephemeral Storage

HostPath Volume

Local Persistent Volume

Provisioned IOPS (SSD) Persistent Disk

Q42. You’re developing a serverless application using AWS Lambda that requires access to environment variables for configuration purposes. How would you securely manage and access these environment variables within your Lambda functions?

Store environment variables directly in the Lambda function’s code.

Use AWS Secrets Manager to store and retrieve sensitive environment variables.

Configure environment variables within the AWS Lambda console.

Utilize AWS Parameter Store to manage environment variables as parameters.

Store environment variables in a separate file and upload it along with the Lambda function’s code.

Q43. Which authentication method allows JWTs to authenticate?

OpenId connect

Client ‘TLS’ certificates

OPA gatekeeper

Anonymous

Q44. How would you return all the pod data in the json format using kubectl command?

kubectl get pods -o json

kubectl get pods –all-namspaces

kubectl get pods -o wide

kubectl get pods -o jsonpath

Q45. You are monitoring a Kubernetes cluster using Prometheus. You notice a sudden spike in the number of requests to a specific pod, followed by a corresponding increase in pod CPU utilization. Which Prometheus query can you use to identify the specific endpoint being heavily accessed?

kube_pod_container_resource_requests_cpu_cores{pod=””}

kube_pod_status_phase{pod=””}

kube_deployment_status_replicas{deployment=””}

kube_pod_container_status_restart_count{pod=””}

kube_http_server_requests_seconds_bucket{job=””, method=”GET”, uri=”/specific_endpoint”}

Q46. You are deploying a web application with two containers: a frontend container for the website and a backend container for the application logic. What is the best practice for defining these containers within a Kubernetes pod?

Create two separate pods, one for the frontend and one for the backend.

Create a single pod with a single container running both the frontend and backend applications.

Create a single pod with two containers, one for the frontend and one for the backend, connected through a shared volume.

Create a single pod with two containers, one for the frontend and one for the backend, connected through environment variables.

Create a single pod with two containers, one for the frontend and one for the backend, connected through a service.

Q47. Which kubernetes object do deployments use behind the scenes when they need to scale pods?

POD

Deployment

Horizontal pod autoscaler

Api Scheduler

Replicasets

Q48. You are running a stateless application in a Kubernetes cluster. The application has multiple
instances deployed as Pods. You need to ensure that all incoming traffic to the application is
distributed evenly across these Pods. Which Kubernetes resource should you use to achieve this?

Deployment

Service

Ingress

Namespace

ConfigMap

Q49. What is the primary function of the Kubernetes control plane?

Schedules Pods to nodes based on resource availability and node affinity

Manages the lifecycle of Pods, ensuring that they are running as intended.

Provides a secure and reliable connection between the Kubernetes control plane and nodes.

Provides a central point of control and management for the Kubernetes cluster.

Enables communication between Pods and services within a Kubernetes cluster.

Q50. You’re using a CI/CD pipeline to deploy a Node.js application to Kubernetes. The application requires environment variables for configuring database connections and API keys. How would you manage these environment variables in a secure and efficient manner?

Hardcode the environment variables into the Node.js application code.

Store the environment variables as plain text files within the Docker image.

Use Kubernetes ConfigMaps to manage and inject environment variables.

Use Kubernetes Secrets to store and inject sensitive environment variables.

Pass the environment variables as command-line arguments during container startup.

Q51. Consider the following Kubernetes YAML definition for a Deployment:

How many Pods will be running when this Deployment is created?

1

2

3

4

5

Q52. You are running a stateless application on Kubernetes and want to avoid persistent storage. Which of the following options is suitable?

Use a PersistentVolumeClaim with a storage class that provides persistent storage.

Mount a HostPath volume to access the host machine’s filesystem.

Use an emptyDir volume to create a temporary directory within the pod.

Utilize a ConfigMap to store application configuration data.

Create a Local Persistent Volume for each pod.

Q53. Which of the following is not a stop on the cloud native trailmap?

Microservices

CI/CD

Containerization

Software distribution

Q54. Consider the following Prometheus query: kube_pod_container_resource_requests_cpu_cores{pod=”my-app-pod”, container=”my-app- container”} > 0.5 What does this query identify? Select all that apply.

Pods named “my-app-pod” with a container named “my-app-container” that are requesting more than 0.5 CPU cores.

Pods named “my-app-pod” with a container named “my-app-container” that are currently using more than 0.5 CPIJ cores.

Pods named “my-app-pod” with a container named “my-app-container” that have a CPIJ limit set to 0.5 cores or higher.

Pods named “my-app-pod” with a container named “my-app-container” that are experiencing high CPU utilization and may be resource-constrained.

Pods named “my-app-pod” with a container named “my-app-container” that are running on a Kubernetes node with a CPU capacity of 0.5 cores or higher.

Q55. Which of the following best describes the way K8S Role-based access control (RBAC) works?

K8S does not do RBAC or Cluster role

RBAC lists which operations are denied to users

States which users can perform which actions against the resources.

Q56. What is the purpose of the ‘kube-proxy’ component in Kubernetes and how does it contribute to the networking model?

kube-proxy is responsible for managing network connectivity between pods and external services.

kube-proxy acts as a network load balancer for Kubernetes services, distributing traffic among pods.

kube-proxy enables communication between pods within the same namespace, ensuring they can access each others services.

kube-proxy implements the Kubernetes DNS service, resolving hostnames to IP addresses for pods within the cluster.

kube-proxy provides network security features by enforcing network policies and firewall rules.

Q57. You need to create a PersistentVolume (PV) for a database with a specific access mode and a pre-configured storage class. Which of the following YAML snippets correctly defines a PV for this purpose?